OR DISCOURSE ON THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
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The Proslogion, (also spelled Proslogium; English translation of title - Discourse on the Existence of God), written in 1077-1078, was an attempt by the medieval cleric Anselm to prove beyond contention the existence of God.
[edit]Faith seeking understanding
Anselm wrote this discourse, not from the perspective of an attempt to convince non-Christians of the truth of Christianity, but rather from the perspective of a Christian believer seeking a rationale for his/her faith. His original title for the discourse, in fact, was Faith Seeking Understanding. The Proslogium is the source for Anselm's famous and highly controversial ontological argument for the existence of God--that is, the argument in favor of God's existence by definition. While opinions concerning the ontological argument vary widely (and have from the moment the Proslogium was written), it is generally agreed that the argument is most convincing to Anselm's intended audience: that is, Christian believers seeking a rational basis for their belief in God.
The Argument - Dr. Scott H. Moore
- One can imagine a being than which none greater can be conceived.
- We know that existence in reality is greater than existence in the mind alone.
- If the being we imagine exists only in our mind, then it is not a "being than which none greater can be conceived".
- A being than which none greater can be conceived must also exist in reality.
- Failure to exist in reality would be failure to be a being than which none greater can be conceived.
- Thus a being than which none greater can be conceived must exist, and we call this being God.
[edit]Excerpts
CHAPTER I: Encouraging the Mind to Contemplate God
Come on now little man, get away from your worldly occupations for a while, escape from your tumultuous thoughts. Lay aside your burdensome cares and put off your laborious exertions. Give yourself over to God for a little while, and rest for a while in Him. Enter into the cell of your mind, shut out everything except God and whatever helps you to seek Him once the door is shut. Speak now, my heart, and say to God, "I seek your face; your face, Lord, I seek." Source: Medieval Sourcebook
CHAPTER II: That God Truly Exists
CHAPTER III: That God Cannot be Thought Not to Exist
CHAPTER IV: How the Fool Managed to Say in His Heart That Which Cannot be Thought
CHAPTER V: God is the only self-existent being
Chapter VI: God is sensible but not a body
Chapter VII: God is omnipotent
Chapter VIII: God is compassionate and passionless
The third in Roy Jackson's series looking at some of the classic problems in the philosophy of religion. No. 3 God - A Necessary Being? In the the second chapter of the Proslogion (Discourse, 1077), St Anselm, a well-regarded philosopher and theologian, presented the original statement of what in the 18th century became known as the ontological argument for the existence of God. However, Anselm himself never referred to it by that title and, it might be suggested, was not really attempting to present a coherent argument in the first place. Unlike the other arguments we have looked at - so called a posteriori arguments - this one is a priori.A posteriori knowledge is the most common form of knowledge we possess. As an example, my knowledge that Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, or my knowledge that sunflowers have yellow petals. This form of knowledge can be verified (or, indeed, falsified) by experience (that is, through observation, looking up the information in a reliable reference book, past experience, etc.). However, it may be argued that not all of our knowledge comes from experience alone. For example, the fact that 2+2=4. Such mathematical formulations seem to be objective, universal facts and, some would argue, can be determined prior to experience. Anselm's Argument 
Introducing the philosophy of religion
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